Virginia splits its knowledge test into two separate exams you take on different days

Virginia's knowledge test is not a single exam. Instead, you take two written tests: the Virginia Road Rules test and the Virginia Road Signs test. You must pass both to move forward in the licensing process, but you do not have to take them on the same day. Most people take the Road Rules test first, then schedule the Road Signs test afterward.

Each test has 35 questions. You need a score of at least 28 correct (80 percent) to pass. If you fail either test, you can retake it, but Virginia charges a retest fee each time. The tests are offered at DMV customer service centers across the state during regular business hours.

Key Takeaways

  • Virginia requires two separate knowledge tests: Road Rules (35 questions) and Road Signs (35 questions), each requiring a score of 28 or higher to pass.
  • You can take the tests on different days and do not need to pass both on your first attempt, but each retest costs an additional fee.
  • Both tests are administered at DMV customer service centers during regular hours, and you schedule each one separately.
  • After passing both knowledge tests, you become may be able to access to take the behind-the-wheel driving test with a licensed examiner.

What the Road Rules test covers

The Road Rules test focuses on Virginia traffic laws, right-of-way rules, speed limits, parking regulations, and safe driving practices. Questions cover topics like when you must yield to other vehicles, what to do at a red light or stop sign, how to handle a school bus, and the rules for passing other vehicles on a highway.

The test also includes questions about seat belt laws, distracted driving rules, and what to do if you are pulled over by police. Virginia's test draws from the Virginia Driver's Manual, which is free and available online at the DMV website. Most people study the manual for a few weeks before taking this test.

What the Road Signs test covers

The Road Signs test shows you traffic signs and asks you to identify what they mean. You will see warning signs (yellow diamonds), regulatory signs (white rectangles), information signs (green rectangles), and guide signs. The test checks whether you understand the difference between a yield sign and a stop sign, what a speed limit sign looks like, and what various warning signs are telling you to do.

This test is often easier for people who have driven before, since you recognize the signs from the road. However, Virginia includes some less common signs, so studying the manual's sign section is still important. You cannot pass this test by guessing; you need to know what each sign actually means.

How to schedule and take each test

You schedule both tests through the Virginia DMV website or by calling your local DMV customer service center. When you arrive for your first test, bring your learner's permit (if you have one), a valid photo ID, and your Social Security card or a document showing your Social Security number. You will also need to bring proof of your Virginia address, such as a utility bill or lease.

The test is administered on a computer at the DMV office. You sit in a private testing area, answer the questions, and receive your score when ready. If you pass, the DMV records it in your file. If you fail, you can schedule a retest, but you must wait at least one day before retaking the same test.

Retaking a test if you do not pass

If you score below 28 on either test, you have not failed permanently. You can retake the Road Rules test, the Road Signs test, or both as many times as you need. However, Virginia charges a retest fee each time you take a test again, whether it is your second attempt or your fifth.

Between attempts, review the Virginia Driver's Manual and focus on the topics where you struggled. Many people find that studying specific sections rather than the entire manual helps them improve their score on the second try. You do not need to wait a set amount of time between retakes beyond the one-day minimum.

What happens after you pass both tests

Once you have passed both the Road Rules test and the Road Signs test, you become may be able to access to schedule your behind-the-wheel driving test with a Virginia DMV examiner. This is the practical test where you drive an actual vehicle and demonstrate your ability to handle real traffic situations.

You must hold a valid learner's permit for at least 30 days before you can take the driving test, and you must be at least 16 years old. The driving test itself takes about 30 minutes and covers basic vehicle control, following traffic laws, and responding to road conditions. Passing the driving test is the final step before Virginia issues you a driver's license.

Study resources and test preparation

The Virginia Driver's Manual is your main study resource and covers everything on both knowledge tests. You can read it free from the Virginia DMV website or pick up a printed copy at any DMV office. The manual includes practice questions at the end of each section, which mirror the style and difficulty of the actual tests.

Some people use online practice test websites, though Virginia does not officially endorse any particular one. The most reliable approach is to read through the manual, take the practice questions, and review any sections where you scored poorly. Spending two to four weeks studying before your first test attempt gives most people a good chance of passing both tests on the first try.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I take both tests on the same day?

Yes. You can schedule both the Road Rules test and the Road Signs test for the same day at the same DMV office. However, you do not have to. Many people take one test, study more if needed, and then schedule the second test a few days or weeks later.

What score do I need to pass each test?

You need to answer at least 28 out of 35 questions correctly on each test, which equals 80 percent. A score of 27 or lower is a failing score, and you will need to retake that test.

How much does it cost to retake a test?

Virginia charges a retest fee for each attempt after your first test. The exact amount varies, so check the Virginia DMV website or call your local office for current pricing. The fee is the same whether you are retaking the Road Rules test or the Road Signs test.

Do I need a learner's permit before I can take the knowledge tests?

No. You can take the knowledge tests without a learner's permit. However, you will need a learner's permit before you can take the behind-the-wheel driving test, and Virginia requires you to hold it for at least 30 days.

What if I fail both tests on my first try?

You can retake both tests as many times as you need. There is no limit on the number of attempts. Each retest costs a fee, so studying between attempts will save you money. Focus on the sections of the manual where you struggled most.